含DNA嵌入基团的抗肿瘤铂类配合物研究进展

铂类抗肿瘤药物因其独特的抗肿瘤作用机制、显著的抗肿瘤效果以及抗肿瘤谱广等特点，被广泛应用于临床治疗中。而已上市的铂类药物在治疗过程中出现的不良反应、耐药性和交叉耐药性等缺点限制了其进一步扩大应用。铂类配合物结构中引入DNA嵌入基团，其抗肿瘤作用机制与经典铂类药物不同，在克服经典铂类抗肿瘤药物缺点上具有独到的优势。含DNA嵌入基团的铂类配合物以其所含DNA嵌入基团不同可分为6大类:含吲哚嵌入基团的铂类配合物、含吖啶嵌入基团的铂类配合物、含喹啉嵌入基团的铂类配合物、含萘酰亚胺嵌入基团的铂类配合物、含蒽醌嵌入基团的铂类配合物、含其他类嵌入基团的铂类配合物。本文总结了近几年含DNA嵌入基团铂类配合物的抗肿瘤活性研究进展。     

面部敏感性皮肤防晒化妆品的筛选与评价

【摘要】 目的 对面部敏感性皮肤防晒化妆品进行筛选与评价。方法 2019年6 - 8月在重庆市中医院职工中招募40例乳酸刺痛试验阳性者作为研究对象，分别进行4种敏感性皮肤用防晒化妆品（标记为产品Ⅰ、Ⅱ、Ⅲ、Ⅳ）的人体皮肤封闭型斑贴试验。将40例受试者平均分为2组，分别于面部使用安全性较高的2种产品，于使用前、使用后2周和4周评估红斑、水肿、脱屑情况，采用仪器无创检测经皮水分丢失、皮肤角质层含水量、皮肤黑素含量、皮肤油脂含量。分别于受试者背部涂上述2种产品，采用紫外日光模拟仪进行防晒指数（SPF，12例）及长波紫外线防护指数（PFA，11例）测定。计量资料采用配对t检验和单因素方差分析比较；非参数资料采用Wilcoxon符号秩检验比较。结果 斑贴试验显示，防晒产品Ⅲ仅发生1例1级反应，产品Ⅳ未发生阳性反应，安全性高于另外2款产品。主观安全性评价显示，使用产品Ⅲ、Ⅳ4周时红斑程度均低于使用前（Wilcoxon符号秩检验，Z = 4.73、4.82，均P < 0.05）。客观功效性评价显示，使用防晒产品Ⅲ、Ⅳ前及使用2周、4周时表皮失水率、角质层含水量、黑素含量差异均有统计学意义（均P < 0.05）；使用产品Ⅲ、Ⅳ4周时表皮失水率（30.05 ± 1.47、30.37 ± 1.28）、黑素含量（112.58 ± 7.34、103.47 ± 5.48）均低于使用前（均P < 0.05），角质层含水量（62.35 ± 2.67、63.72 ± 2.54）均高于使用前（均P < 0.05）。使用4周时，产品Ⅳ组黑素含量（103.47 ± 5.48）与产品Ⅲ组（112.58 ± 7.34）比较，差异有统计学意义（t = 8.45，P < 0.05）。产品ⅣSPF值、PFA值（51.8 ± 2.9、10.1 ± 1.2）均高于产品Ⅲ（31.5 ± 2.6、7.4 ± 0.7，t = 15.34、24.66，均P < 0.05）。结论 综合应用封闭型斑贴实验、长期试用试验、防晒指数测定等方法可评价面部敏感性皮肤防晒化妆品的安全性和防晒功效。     

司库奇尤单抗治疗中重度斑块状银屑病的近期疗效及安全性观察

【摘要】 目的 观察司库奇尤单抗治疗中重度斑块状银屑病的近期疗效及安全性。方法 2019年6 - 11月收集就诊于河南省人民医院皮肤科的中重度斑块状银屑病患者36例，给予司库奇尤单抗单药皮下注射治疗，300 mg/次，分别于基线、第1、2、3、4周注射1次，随后每4周1次，分别于第4、8、12周时记录患者银屑病皮损面积和严重度指数（PASI），观察药物不良反应。结果 36例患者均接受至少12周的治疗。4周时，8例达PASI75，其中3例达PASI90，1例达PASI100；8周时，26例达PASI75，其中16例达PASI90，4例达PASI100；12周时，32例达PASI75，其中26例达PASI90，8例达PASI100。所有患者均未发生严重感染或恶性肿瘤等严重药物不良反应，1例腹部皮下注射后出现腹痛、腹胀，持续3 d后症状消失；1例患者出现扁桃体炎，之后原有皮损处出现湿疹样改变；1例颈部出现化脓性淋巴结炎。结论 司库奇尤单抗治疗中重度斑块状银屑病疗效显著，不良反应较少，是中重度斑块状银屑病患者新的治疗选择之一。     

左氧氟沙星治疗复治肺结核患者疗效评价

目的讨论左氧氟沙星治疗复治肺结核患者疗效。方法本院截止2018年4月-2019年3月阶段内收治的80例复治肺结核患者作为本次研究的观察对象,并随机将其分为对照组(实施常规治疗:异烟肼+利福平+乙胺丁醇+链霉素+吡嗪酰胺)与研究组(对照组基础上加用左氧氟沙星),而后对两组患者接受不同治疗后临床疗效及不良反应比的进行评定,其中显效、有效及无效的评定标准以CT检查及痰涂片检测为依据。结果研究组患者合计疗效的97.50%明显高于对照组的80.00%,差异有统计学意义(χ^2=6.134 6,P=0.013 2),P <0.05;研究组患者发生不良反应机率的12.50%虽然低于对照组的22.50%,但是差异不大,P> 0.05。结论常规治疗基础上加用左氧氟沙星可有效提高复治肺结核病症的临床治疗效果。     

Antiretroviral therapy improves neurocognitive impairment in people living with HIV? A meta-analysis

ObjectivesAlthough effective antiretroviral therapy (ART) has been used for more than two decades, HIV-associated neurocognitive disorder remains prevalent. Thus, whether ART can improve neurocognitive impairment is controversial. This review aims to explore the effects of ART on cognitive impairment in people living with HIV (PLWH).MethodsA systematic literature search was conducted in eight databases (PubMed, Embase, Web of Science, Cochrane Library, CNKI, VIP, China Biology Medicine disc, and WanFang) to identify studies that compare cognitive function between study groups who are administered and not administered ART. We searched for articles published up to April 2019. Article evaluation and data extraction were independently conducted by two reviewers.ResultsSixteen articles (6,694 participants)—14 cross-sectional studies and 2 cohort studies—were included in this meta-analysis. The cross-sectional studies demonstrated that ART group did not perform better than the non-ART group (OR = 1.16; 95% CI, 1.03–1.30). However, the cohort studies reported a significant improvement in cognitive function at three months (OR = 4.01; 95% CI, 2.35–6.85) and six months (OR = 9.24; 95% CI, 1.71–49.96) after ART initiation compared with the baseline data. No significant cognitive improvement was found in participants younger than 55 years old, but the two cross-sectional studies showed that ART may improve cognitive function in PLWH under 65 years old with poor physical condition and immune status.ConclusionsART could improve cognitive function in PLWH with poor physical condition and immune status, but it does not considerably improve cognition in the entire PLWH population.     

溃疡性结肠炎的分期治疗

溃疡性结肠炎(ulcerative colitis,UC)是临床上常见的消化系统疑难病,治愈率低,易复发。研究证实,UC患者患结直肠癌、强迫症、恐慌症、抑郁症和焦虑症的概率较高,给生活带来了较大的困扰[1-2]。以往该病在北美和欧洲多见,近年来,我国UC的发病率呈上升趋势[3],但目前为止其确切的发病原因及机制尚不明确,因此治疗上只能控制急性发作,减缓疾病进程,减少并发症,使患者长期维持在缓解期,以提高生活质量,避免再次住院[4]。     

Assessment of antibacterial and antifungal potential of Curcuma longa and synthesized nanoparticles: A comparative study

Curcumin nanoparticles were most recently considered in medical research because of their antibacterial properties. The main objective of the study was to develop the green synthesis and antibacterial activity of curcumin nanoparticles using Curcuma longa. The processing of curcumin nanoparticles was carried out after the collection, identification, and extraction of curcumin. The effect of a sample on the synthesis of nanoparticles, such as curcumin aqueous concentrations (5, 10, and 20 mg/ml) and curcumin nanoparticles (5, 10, and 20 mg/ml), and the antibacterial effect of these nanoparticles on Escherichia coli, Staphylococcus aureus, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Klebsiella pneumoniae, and the fungal strain Aspergillus niger. For examining antibacterial and anti-fungal activity disc diffusion method was performed, followed by the zone of inhibition. According to X-ray diffraction and scanning electron microscope analysis, nanoparticles have spherical shapes and size of 42.64 nm. Results showed that a high dose of 20 mg/ml curcumin nanoparticles have more antibacterial activity than curcumin extracts in E. coli as it showed the largest diameter of zone of inhibition as compared to other doses. Other bacterial and fungal strains also showed significant results but E. coli was most prominent. The biosynthesis of curcumin nanoparticles using an aqueous extract of C. longa is a clean, inexpensive, and safe method that has not been used any toxic substance and consequently does not have side effects. Since several pathogenic species have acquired antibiotic resistance, the combination of curcumin with various nanoparticles would be beneficial in the cure of pathogenic diseases.     

Molecular modeling in cardiovascular pharmacology: Current state of the art and perspectives

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